Realisme Kritis Roy Bhaskar: ‘Pelayan’ Filosofis untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Emansipatoris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47776/MJPRS.001.01.04Kata Kunci:
epistemologi, ontologi, filsafat Barat arus utama, kekeliruan epistemik, dialektika, absen, perubahanAbstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan sistem filsafat Roy Bhaskar yang dikenal dengan sebutan realism kritis (critical realism). Pusat perhatian akan diarahkan pada tiga fase perkembangan dalam sistem filsafat Roy Bhaskar, dengan meletakkan masing-masing fase sebagai respon terhadap problem dalam filsafat ilmu dan tradisi filsafat Barat arus utama serta problem-problem sosial dan kemanusiaan secara umum. Artikel ini disusun dengan menggunakan analisis berbasis-literatur, dengan mengkaji karya-karya Bhaskar, pendukung, maupun pengkritiknya. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa filsafat Roy Bhaskar menyediakan suatu pondasi berpikir yang kokoh bagi ilmu-ilmu sosial dan kemanusiaan, khususnya ilmu-ilmu sosial emansipatoris. Ini dilakukan dengan cara memulihkan kembali dimensi ontologis dari ilmu dan selanjutnya dimensi ontologi yang lebih mendalam (deep ontology) dari dunia ini dimana kita berada, yang disingkirkan dan diabaikan oleh tradisi filsafat Barat arus utama, baik modern maupun kontemporer. Komitmen pada ontologi ilmu dan kedalaman ontologi dari dunia ini menghasilkan pondasi bagi ilmu-ilmu sosial dan kemanusiaan yang lebih memadai dan kemungkinan realisasinya bagi proyek emansipasi diri manusia.
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Referensi
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Archer, Margaret, Andrew Collier, dan Douglas V. Porpora (2004). Transcendence Critical Realism and God. London & New York: Routledge.
Archer, Margaret, Roy Bhaskar, Andrew Collier, Tony Lawson & Alan Norrie (ed.). 1998. Critical Realism: Essential Readings. London & New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy with Mervyn Hartwig. 2010. The Formation of Critical Realism: A Personal Perspective. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy, Berth Danermark, dan Leigh Price. 2017. Interdisciplinarity and Wellbeing: A Critical Realist General Theory of Interdisciplinarity. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy, Cheryl Frank, Karl Georg Høyer, Petter Næss, dan Jenneth Parker (Ed.). 2010. Interdisciplinarity and Climate Change: Transforming Knowledge and Practice for Our Global Future. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2008a. A Realist Theory of Science. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 1998. The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2009. Scientific Realism and Human Emancipation. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2011. Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy. London: Verso.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2011. Philosophy and the Idea of Freedom. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2008b. Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2010. Plato, Etc.: The Problems of Philosophy and their Resolution. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012a. From Science to Emancipation: Alienation and the Actuality of Enlightenment. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012b. Reflections on MetaReality: Transcendence, Enlightenment, and Everyday Life. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012c. The Philosophy of MetaReality: Creativity, Love and Freedom. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2000. From East to West: Odyssey of a Soul. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2016. Enlightened Common Sense: The Philosophy of Critical Realism. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2018. The Order of Natural Necessity: A Kind of Introduction to Critical Realism. Diedit oleh Gary Hawke. London: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Collier, Andrew. 1994. Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy. London: Verso.
Cruickshank, Justin. 2003. Critical Realism: The Difference It Makes. London: Routledge.
Danermark, Berth, Mats Ekstrom, Liselotte Jakobsen, Jan ch. Carlsson. 1997. Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. London & New York: Routledge.
de Bernardi, Cecilia. 2018. “Reflections on the Hegemonic Exclusion of Critical Realism from Academic Settings: Alone in a Room Full of Peopleâ€. Journal of Critical Realism 17(4):374-389.
Detmer, David. 2003. Challenging Postmodernism: Philosophy and the Politics of Truth. New York: Humanity Books.
Gorski, Philip S. 2013. “What is Critical Realism? and Why Should You Care?â€. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 42(5):658-670.
Hartwig, Mervyn & Jamie Morgan. 2012. Critical Realism and Spirituality. New York: Routledge.
Hartwig, Mervyn (ed.). 2007. Dictionary of Critical Realism. London: Routledge.
Hawke, Gary. 2016. “David Graeber Speaking about the Importance of Bhaskar's Work†(wawancara Gary Hawke dengan David Graeber). Diakses pada 12 Maret 2020 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOjx11CEpfg)
Lockie, Stewart. 2017. “Post-Truth Politics and the Social Sciencesâ€. Environmental Sociology 3(1):1-5.
Maharsi, Garda. 2017. Argumen Realisme Ilmiah Roy Bhaskar. Skripsi S1 Program Studi Filsafat UGM. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2017.
Margaret Archer, Roy Bhaskar, dkk (ed.). 1998. Critical Realism: Essential Readings. London: Routledge.
McIntyre, Lee. 2015. Respecting truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age. London: Routledge.
McIntyre, Lee. 2018. Post-Truth. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Norrie, Alan. 2010. Dialectic and Difference: Dialectical Critical Realism and the Grounds of Justice. London: Routledge.
Norris, Christopher. 2004. “Postmodernism, Politics, and the Assault on Truthâ€, Journal of Critical Realism 3(2):353-369.
Peters, Michael A. 2017a. “Education in A Post-Truth Worldâ€. Educational Philosophy and Theory 49(6):563-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1264114
Peters, Michael A. 2017b. “Post-Truth and Fake Newsâ€. Educational Philosophy and Theory 49(6):567-567. http://10.0.4.56/00131857.2016.1264114
Porpora, Douglas V. 2015. Reconstructing Sociology: The Critical Realist Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rehmann, Jan. 2007. “Nietzsche, The Aristocratic Rebelâ€. Historical Materialism 15(2): 173–93.
Smith, Christian. 2010. What Is a Person? Rethinking Humanity, Social Life, and the Moral Good from the Person Up. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Christian. 2017. Religion: What It Is, How It Works, and Why It Matters. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Suryajaya, Martin. 2014. “Warisan Pemikiran Roy Bhaskarâ€. IndoProgress, 2 Desember. Diakses pada 27 oktober 2019. (https://indoprogress.com/2014/12/warisan-pemikiran-roy-bhaskar/ )
Wuisman, Jan J.J.M. 2004. “Realisme Kritis: Pemahaman Baru Tentang Penelitian Ilmu Sosialâ€. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 6(2):1-26. . https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v6i2.202
Archer, Margaret, Andrew Collier, dan Douglas V. Porpora (2004). Transcendence Critical Realism and God. London & New York: Routledge.
Archer, Margaret, Roy Bhaskar, Andrew Collier, Tony Lawson & Alan Norrie (ed.). 1998. Critical Realism: Essential Readings. London & New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy with Mervyn Hartwig. 2010. The Formation of Critical Realism: A Personal Perspective. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy, Berth Danermark, dan Leigh Price. 2017. Interdisciplinarity and Wellbeing: A Critical Realist General Theory of Interdisciplinarity. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy, Cheryl Frank, Karl Georg Høyer, Petter Næss, dan Jenneth Parker (Ed.). 2010. Interdisciplinarity and Climate Change: Transforming Knowledge and Practice for Our Global Future. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2008a. A Realist Theory of Science. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 1998. The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2009. Scientific Realism and Human Emancipation. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2011. Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy. London: Verso.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2011. Philosophy and the Idea of Freedom. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2008b. Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2010. Plato, Etc.: The Problems of Philosophy and their Resolution. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012a. From Science to Emancipation: Alienation and the Actuality of Enlightenment. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012b. Reflections on MetaReality: Transcendence, Enlightenment, and Everyday Life. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2012c. The Philosophy of MetaReality: Creativity, Love and Freedom. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2000. From East to West: Odyssey of a Soul. London: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2016. Enlightened Common Sense: The Philosophy of Critical Realism. New York: Routledge.
Bhaskar, Roy. 2018. The Order of Natural Necessity: A Kind of Introduction to Critical Realism. Diedit oleh Gary Hawke. London: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Collier, Andrew. 1994. Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy. London: Verso.
Cruickshank, Justin. 2003. Critical Realism: The Difference It Makes. London: Routledge.
Danermark, Berth, Mats Ekstrom, Liselotte Jakobsen, Jan ch. Carlsson. 1997. Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. London & New York: Routledge.
de Bernardi, Cecilia. 2018. “Reflections on the Hegemonic Exclusion of Critical Realism from Academic Settings: Alone in a Room Full of Peopleâ€. Journal of Critical Realism 17(4):374-389.
Detmer, David. 2003. Challenging Postmodernism: Philosophy and the Politics of Truth. New York: Humanity Books.
Gorski, Philip S. 2013. “What is Critical Realism? and Why Should You Care?â€. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 42(5):658-670.
Hartwig, Mervyn & Jamie Morgan. 2012. Critical Realism and Spirituality. New York: Routledge.
Hartwig, Mervyn (ed.). 2007. Dictionary of Critical Realism. London: Routledge.
Hawke, Gary. 2016. “David Graeber Speaking about the Importance of Bhaskar's Work†(wawancara Gary Hawke dengan David Graeber). Diakses pada 12 Maret 2020 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOjx11CEpfg)
Lockie, Stewart. 2017. “Post-Truth Politics and the Social Sciencesâ€. Environmental Sociology 3(1):1-5.
Maharsi, Garda. 2017. Argumen Realisme Ilmiah Roy Bhaskar. Skripsi S1 Program Studi Filsafat UGM. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2017.
Margaret Archer, Roy Bhaskar, dkk (ed.). 1998. Critical Realism: Essential Readings. London: Routledge.
McIntyre, Lee. 2015. Respecting truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age. London: Routledge.
McIntyre, Lee. 2018. Post-Truth. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Norrie, Alan. 2010. Dialectic and Difference: Dialectical Critical Realism and the Grounds of Justice. London: Routledge.
Norris, Christopher. 2004. “Postmodernism, Politics, and the Assault on Truthâ€, Journal of Critical Realism 3(2):353-369.
Peters, Michael A. 2017a. “Education in A Post-Truth Worldâ€. Educational Philosophy and Theory 49(6):563-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1264114
Peters, Michael A. 2017b. “Post-Truth and Fake Newsâ€. Educational Philosophy and Theory 49(6):567-567. http://10.0.4.56/00131857.2016.1264114
Porpora, Douglas V. 2015. Reconstructing Sociology: The Critical Realist Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rehmann, Jan. 2007. “Nietzsche, The Aristocratic Rebelâ€. Historical Materialism 15(2): 173–93.
Smith, Christian. 2010. What Is a Person? Rethinking Humanity, Social Life, and the Moral Good from the Person Up. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Christian. 2017. Religion: What It Is, How It Works, and Why It Matters. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Suryajaya, Martin. 2014. “Warisan Pemikiran Roy Bhaskarâ€. IndoProgress, 2 Desember. Diakses pada 27 oktober 2019. (https://indoprogress.com/2014/12/warisan-pemikiran-roy-bhaskar/ )
Wuisman, Jan J.J.M. 2004. “Realisme Kritis: Pemahaman Baru Tentang Penelitian Ilmu Sosialâ€. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 6(2):1-26. . https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v6i2.202
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Diterbitkan
2020-06-19
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Articles
Cara Mengutip
Huda, M. N. (2020). Realisme Kritis Roy Bhaskar: ‘Pelayan’ Filosofis untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Emansipatoris. Muqoddima: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Riset Sosiologi, 1(1), 43-76. https://doi.org/10.47776/MJPRS.001.01.04
